Black Panther Party
Black Panther Party, original name Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, African American revolutionary party, founded in 1966 in Oakland, California, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. The party’s original purpose was to patrol African American neighborhoods to protect residents from acts of police brutality. The Panthers eventually developed into a Marxist revolutionary group that called for the arming of all African Americans, the exemption of African Americans from the draft and from all sanctions of so-called white America, the release of all African Americans from jail, and the payment of compensation to African Americans for centuries of exploitation by white Americans. At its peak in the late 1960s, Panther's membership exceeded 2,000, and the organization operated chapters in several major American cities.
Bobby Seale is the original 1966 Founding Chairman & National Organizer of the Black Panther Party [BPP]. BPP-Founder Board Member to the National Alumni Association of the Black Panther Party [NAABPP]. So much research on him so please do your own research. Note that the founders of both the Bloods and Crips grew up seeing the Black Panther members as Hero's, mentors, leaders, role models and they also saw the government criminalized them, exile them, and assassinate them. These "gangs" were established to be the second generation of Black Panthers and Tupac understood this and sought to be the voice for them.
Angela Davis (born Jan. 26, 1944) is an activist, philosopher, writer, speaker, and educator. In the 1960s and 1970s, she was well known for her association with the Black Panthers and the Communist Party, and for a time she even appeared on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's "Ten Most Wanted" list
Eldridge Cleaver wrote 'Soul on Ice,' a best-selling collection of essays about his time in prison, and was the minister of information for the Black Panthers.
Eldridge Cleaver spent much of his youth in reform schools and prisons in California. He began writing while incarcerated. Freed on parole, he joined the Black Panthers and published his prison essays in Soul on Ice. In 1968, he fled the country to avoid a return to prison. Cleaver was 62 when he died in Pomona, California, on May 1, 1998.
On May 2, 1973, Black Panther activist Assata Olugbala Shakur, and Joanne Deborah Chesimard, was pulled over by the New Jersey State Police, shot twice, and then charged with the murder of a police officer. Assata spent six and a half years in prison under brutal circumstances before escaping out of the maximum-security wing of the Clinton Correctional Facility for Women in New Jersey in 1979 and moving to Cuba. She was the Step Aunt and God Mother of Tupac Shakur.
Fred Hampton (August 30, 1948–December 4, 1969) was an activist for the NAACP and the Black Panther Party. At age 21, Hampton was assassinated alongside a fellow activist during a law enforcement raid. The same tactics used to kill Brenna Taylor with the no-knock warrant was developed by the FBI in the 60s to take down the black panther party. research COINTELPRO est. 1956 to destabilize political groups in the U.S. The Rainbow Coalition of the Black Panther Party which was established by the deputy chairman, Fred Hampton who is seated in the center. The Rainbow Coalition was comprised of the Black Panther Party, The Young Lords Organization, and the Young Patriots (1). The Young Lords were an organization that was constructed to address the immediate concerns of Puerto Ricans in America, while the Young Patriots were a group that was designed to support young white migrants in their quest to find jobs and a quality income within the city of Chicago. They were later joined by Rising Up Angry, which was a radical group of youth (also in Chicago), who orchestrated a class-based movement in Chicago for blue-collar workers. As one could imagine, bringing together individuals not under the auspice of race, but more importantly class, and forging a connection that vowed to end class-based oppression for working-class blacks, whites, Puerto Ricans, and youth made the Rainbow Coalition an early target of the FBI, as their agenda would have been extremely dangerous and detrimental for the agenda of white supremacy. The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense was formed in 1966 by a pair of Black college students in Oakland, California. With their military-style berets and raised-fist salute, the Black Panthers preached Black empowerment and armed resistance to racist violence, including at the hands of police. The Black Panther party also started a wealth of social initiatives, including a free breakfast program that helped feed thousands of hungry kids before school. Hampton was an honors student from the Chicago suburbs who, as a youth leader with the NAACP, successfully campaigned to have a non-segregated swimming pool built in his hometown. When he joined the Illinois Black Panther Party in 1968, he quickly gained a reputation as a powerful speaker and a coalition builder across racial lines to fight police brutality and address poverty in Chicago’s most neglected neighborhoods.
Mumia Abu-Jamal, a political prisoner formerly on death row will be on this panel. Although no longer on death row, Abu-Jamal is still in prison where he is serving a life sentence. He will call in from his jail cell. A former Black Panther whose political statements in his youth were used against him at trial for the 1981 murder of Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner, Mumia Abu-Jamal has been in prison for close to four decades for a crime he maintains he did not commit. Abu-Jamal and his case are internationally known. He has garnered global support. About 25 cities,
including Montreal, Palermo, and Paris, have made him an honorary citizen.
The Angola Three, a collective of three former prison mates who were all kept in solitary confinement for over 25 years, also Black Panthers, Robert Hillary King successfully managed to aid his said innocence. An avid radical, his steady activism lead him to the land of Angola, Louisiana, which became the stomping ground of his Black Panther coming. Prison became the new plantation, no better example of this was Angola.
Film: Angola 3: Black Panthers and the Last Slave Plantation (2008)
Geronimo Pratt: Without a doubt, the case of Ji-Jaga is a solid account to approach when it comes to making an exhibition about the process African Americans faced when being wrongly convicted of a crime. Considered to be one of the most prominent members of the Black Panther Party, Geronimo “Ji- Jaga” Pratt respectively held the title of Deputy Minister of Defense of the Southern California Chapter. In 1972, Ji-Jaga was tested and eventually convicted of the murder of elementary school teacher Caroline Olsen, serving 27 years in prison with 8 years in solitary confinement. With the helping hand of the late Johnnie Cochran, Pratt was released from prison in 1997 after his conviction was vacated due to concealed evidence that owned mass potential at affecting the verdict. During his time in prison, Pratt’s identity to many was symbolic of the cords of injustice plagued against blacks in America, influencing acts all over the world. Godfather of Tupac Shakur
Huey P. Newton, the co-founder and inspirational leader of the Black Panther Party, was born in Monroe, Louisiana, on February 17, 1942. He was named after governor Huey P. Long. Newton's family moved to Oakland, California early in his childhood.
While at Oakland City College, Newton had become involved in the radical politics that were dominating the Bay Area. He joined the Afro-American Association and played a role in getting the first black history course adopted as part of the college's curriculum. He read the works of Malcolm X, Che Guevara, and Mao Tse-tung. During his time at Oakland City College, he met a young man named Bobby Seale.
Barbara Easely- Cox: In 1966 in Oakland California, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. The initial goal was to monitor police violence in black communities, a persistent issue that Black Lives Matter and other contemporary groups continue to organize around today. In 1969, community social programs became a core activity of party members.
If you support the Black Lives Matter Movement, you must first educate yourself on the Black Panther Party. Barbara Easley Cox was a member of the Black Panther Party from 1967 to 1971. She and her husband were leaders of the Oakland branch and she also worked in New York and Philadelphia chapters. She helped spread the message and reach of the Black Panther Party internationally, first moving to Algiers and then North Korea where she gave birth to her son. After she left North Korea, Barbara moved to Germany on her own, where she put out a newspaper and worked with soldiers from the Vietnam War. Later, Barbara returned to her hometown Philadelphia and contributed the wealth of her experiences as a social worker focusing on community development work.
Stokely Carmichael, originally named Kwame Ture, (born June 29, 1941, Port of Spain, Trinidad—died November 15, 1998, Conakry, Guinea), West-Indian-born civil rights activist, leader of Black nationalism in the United States in the 1960s, and originator of its rallying slogan, “Black Power.” black power is not like white power which is a white supremacy statement expressing white as a superior group above all races. Black power a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s.
Chadwick Boseman, Actor: Black Panther. Chadwick Boseman is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of T'Challa / Black Panther in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (since 2016) He inspired and empowered our people to be great and embrace the culture and love themselves. This Spot on the design was for Elaine Brown is a former leader of the Black Panther Party—Minister of Information and Chairman. Replacing her with Chadwick is a great opportunity to educate our people on such a powerful group of people who made a great contribution to the liberation of our people. She is the author of A Taste of Power and The Condemnation of Little B. In March, the film rights to A Taste of Power were optioned for a major motion picture.
Elaine Brown is presently co-authoring For Reasons of Race and Belief, The Trials of Jamil Al-Amin (H. Rap Brown) with Karima Al-Amin and completing the nonfiction book Melba and Al, A Story of Black Love in Jim Crow America.
Pete O'neal, On October 30, 1969, Pete O'neal was arrested again for the transporting of a gun across state lines (under a law that went into effect just two weeks prior to his arrest[citation needed]). A year later a court convicted him and in October 1970, he was sentenced to four years in prison. O'Neal jumped his bail and fled to Algeria, where a number of other Black Panther Party members had also absconded to in the face of imprisonment in the United States. This group became known as the "International Section" of the Black Panther Party and was centered around Eldridge and Kathleen Cleaver. A year later O'Neal moved on to Tanzania, motivated to immigrate there as the then President of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, was both a Pan-Africanist and Socialist. O'Neal has remained in Tanzania ever since. Together with his wife, Charlotte Hill O'Neal, he is the co-founder of the United African Alliance Community Center (UAACC) in the village of Imbaseni, near the northern city of Arusha, Tanzania. The UAACC is a center focusing on healing the community by providing a diverse array of free art, music, film, and other classes to members of the community. The UAACC also serves as a hostel for people traveling through the area—offering several "huts" with bunk beds. The center has been frequented by several celebrities, American politicians, study abroad programs, students, documentary filmmakers, and artists. Pete and Charlotte provide numerous jobs to locals of the community and the center is entirely run by local Tanzanians. O'Neal's family still resides in the Kansas City area. He is a third cousin to US Representative Emmanuel Cleaver. Since 1991, Cleaver and others have unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a pardon for O'Neal and took the issue to both President Bill Clinton and President Barack Obama. Both declined to pardon O'Neal. His life and exile in Tanzania is the subject of the PBS documentary 'A Panther in Africa', by Aaron Matthews and a book 'Black Panther in Exile: The Pete O'Neal Story' by Pete's attorney, Paul J. Magnarella.
Elaine is the Executive Director of the Michael Lewis Legal Defense Committee, supporting the legal appeal of Lewis (“Little B”), who, arrested in 1997 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the age of 13 for a murder he did not commit, was convicted and sentenced as an adult to life in prison, where he remains.
Research and Additional Sources:
https://www.untitledproductionteam.com/research
https://catalog.archives.gov/search?q=%22SIL!bp%2Fbp%22
https://guides.osu.edu/blackpantherparty/governmentdocuments
